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The Investiture Controversy

Wilfried Hartmann’s book is devoted to a turning point in the history of medieval Europe. The titular Investiture Controversy is the traditional term for the moment when the papacy clashed with secular authority over the extent of the latter’s influence on the appointment of senior Church officials. It is symbolised by the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV, and the emperor’s famous humiliation at Canossa. In reality, however – and this is precisely how Hartmann presents the Investiture Controversy in his book – we are dealing with a series of complex transformations that both the Church and the Empire underwent during the 11th and early 12th centuries. Thus, alongside an overview of the most significant events, the author presents in his work an in-depth analysis of these changes, covering not only political issues but also religious, social and economic ones. The book is rounded off by an exceptionally insightful overview of the key issues and research directions relating to the topics discussed, serving as an excellent guide to the relevant literature and the debates taking place within it.

Keywords: history, Middle Ages, papacy, empire, investiture

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